Sunday, September 19, 2004

The Sciences we developed

History of present day sciences in India

http://india_resource.tripod.com/mathematics.htm
http://india_resource.tripod.com/physics.htm
http://india_resource.tripod.com/technology.htm
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Indians.html
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/maths.html

Follow the links to read on the following topics...:

The Decimal System in Harappa (2500 BC)
Mathematical Activity in the Vedic Period (From Ganit in Vedanga Jyotishya, Vishnu Purana (1000BC), Sulabha Sutras (800BC) to Apasthamba (600BC)

Panini and Formal Scientific Notation (800BC)

Anuyoga Dwara Sutra (300BC).

five different types of infinities(300BC)

Permutations and combinations in Bhagvati Sutras (300 BC)

Sathananga Sutra (200 BC).

The Indian Numeral System

Particle Physics

Optics and Sound

The Laws of Motion

Influence of Trade and Commerce, Importance of Astronomy

Aryabhatta (476AD) - Astronomy - circumference of earth to planetary distances, Differential Equations

Brahmagupta (576 AD) - concept of negative numbers, Quadratic equations

Bhaskara I (600AD - Born in Nizamabad, Andhra) Triginometry - sine functions to indeterminate equations

Varahamira (600AD) Algebra, Permutations and combinations
Applied Mathematics, Solutions to Practical Problems

Yativrsabha's work Tiloyapannatti (600AD) gives various units for measuring distances and time and also describes the system of infinite time measures.

Mahaviracharya (900AD)wrote Ganit Saar Sangraha where he described the currently used method of calculating the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of given numbers.

Sridhara (900AD) Ratios, simple interest, Arith & Geo progressions, mixtures, purchase and sale, rates of travel, wages, and filling of cisterns. Vijayanandi (1000AD), Sripati other prominent mathematicians of the century.

Bhaskaracharya (1200AD) Lilavati, Bijaganita, Siddhanta Shiromani,Chakrawaat - Integration, He also discussed astronomical instruments and spherical trigonometry. Of particular interest are his trigonometric equations: sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b; sin(a - b) = sin a cos b - cos a sin b;

The Kerala School with Madhava and others (14th Century onwards)

Not only did India provide the financial capital for the industrial revolution. India also provided vital elements of the scientific foundation without which humanity could not have entered this modern age of science and high technology.

Experimentation versus Intuition

Technological discoveries and applications

The Impetus for Metallurgy

Scientific Rationalism and Technological Efficacy

Technological Innovation

State Support of Technology

Limitations of pre-industrial manufacturing

India and the Industrial Revolution

Astronomy and Physics
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/astro.html

Medicine
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/medicine.html

Production Technology and Mech Engineering
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/prod.html

Ship Building and Navigation
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/ship.html

Architecture and Civil Engineering
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/arch.html

Physics and Chemistry
http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/physics.html

No comments: